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1 reproach
[rə'prəu ] 1. verb(to rebuke or blame but usually with a feeling of sadness and disappointment rather than anger: She reproached me for not telling her about my money troubles; There is no need to reproach yourself - you did the best you could.) očitati2. noun((an) act of reproaching: a look of reproach; He didn't deserve that reproach from you.) očitek- reproachfully* * *I [ripróuč]nounočitek, očitanje, graja, kritiziranje; graje vredna stvar; sramota, ponižanje (to za)reproaches plural ecclesiastic litanije na veliki petek (zlasti v rimskokatoliški Cerkvi)a term of reproach — zmerljivka, psovka, grda besedaI am free from reproach — sem brez graje; nimam si, nimajo mi kaj očitatihe is a reproach to... — on je sramota za...to bring reproach upon s.o. — delati sramoto komu, diskreditirati kogato heap reproaches on s.o. — obsuti koga z očitkiII [ripróuč]transitive verbgrajati, kritizirati; očitati (komu kaj); oštevati, (o)zmerjati, psovati koga ( for zaradi); ponižati, osramotiti, obrekovati, opravljati, diskreditiratito reproach s.o. with s.th. — očitati komu kaj, pripisovati komu kaj, obdolžiti, abtožiti koga česato reproach s.o. with duplicity — očitati komu njegovo lažnivost -
2 Free
adj.P. and V. ἐλεύθερος.Free politically: P. and V. ἐλεύθερος. P. αὐτόνομος.Generous: P. ἐλευθέριος, V. ἄφθονος.Open to all: P. ἐλεύθερος.Free of speech: P. and V. ἐλεύθερος, ἁπλοῦς, V. ἐλευθερόστομος, θρασύστομος.Be free of speech, v.: P. παρρησιάζεσθαι, V. ἐλευθεροστομεῖν, ἐξελευθεροστομεῖν, θρασυστομεῖν.( You) are free to: P. and V. πάρεστί (σοι) (with infin.), ἔξεστί (σοι) (with infin.), ἐξουσία ἐστί (σοι) (with infin.).Have a free hand in: P. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν (gen.).Make free with: use P. and V. χρῆσθαι (dat.).Insult: P. and V. ὑβρίζειν (acc., or εἰς, acc.).Right of free speech, subs.: P. ἰσηγορία, ἡ.Voluntary: P. and V. ἑκούσιος.Self-chosen: P. and V. αὐθαίρετος.Free from: P. and V. ἐλεύθερος (gen.), ἄμοιρος (gen.) (Plat.), or use prep., P. and V. ἐκτός (gen.), ἔξω (gen.), V. ἐκποδών (gen.) (also Xen. but rare P.), ἔξωθεν (gen.).Whenever they attacked one another they could not easily get free: ἐπειδὴ προσβάλοιειν ἀλλήλοις οὐ ῥᾳδίως ἀπελύοντο (Thuc. 1, 49).——————v. trans.P. and V. ἐλευθεροῦν, λύειν, ἀφιέναι, ἀπαλλάσσειν, ἐκλύειν (or. mid.), ἀπολύειν (Eur., Or. 1236), ἐξαιρεῖσθαι, V. ἐξαπαλλάσσειν (pass. in Thuc.).Help in freeing: P. συνελευθεροῦν (acc.).They freed themselves from reproach: P. αἰτίαν ἀπελύσαντο (Thuc. 5, 75).Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Free
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3 Unblemished
adj.Perfect: V. ἐντελής.Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Unblemished
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4 blame
bleɪm
1. сущ.
1) порицание;
неодобрение, осуждение, упрек Syn: censure, reproach, reproof, disapproval
2) виновность Syn: culpability
3) архаич. вина, грех Syn: sin, fault
4) ответственность to ascribe, assign, attribute( the) blame to smb. ≈ возложить вину на кого-л. They must share the blame. ≈ Они должны разделить ответственность. Syn: responsibility
2. гл.
1) порицать, осуждать, критиковать Syn: censure, rebuke
2) возлагать вину, обвинять, винить They blamed her for the accident. ≈ Они обвинили ее в случившемся. They blamed the accident on her. ≈ Они возложили на нее вину за случившееся.порицание, упрек;
- to deserve * заслуживать порицания;
- to incur * for smth. навлекать упрек за что-л;
- his conduct is free from * его поведение безупречно вина, ответственность;
- the * is partly mine вина частично лежит на мне;
- the * lies with me вина лежит на мне;
- where does the * lie for his failure? в чем причина его неудачи?;
- it is small * to you вы не очень виноваты;
- to bear the * нести ответственность;
принять на себя вину;
- to lay the * upon smb., to lay the * at smb.'s door возложить вину на кого-л;
- to take the * upon oneself взять на себя вину;
- to shift the * on smb. свалить вину на кого-л;
- to shun the * избегать ответственности обвинять, порицать;
винить;
- who is to *? кто виноват?;
- you are to * вы должны нести ответственность;
- I am in no way to * я совершенно не виноват;
- to be much to * быть очень виноватым;
- he is entirely to * он целиком виноват;
- to * smb. for smth. винить кого-л в чем-л, возлагать вину за что-л на кого-д;
- he cannot be *d for it он в этом не виновен;
- she *d herself for having committed an error она винила себя в том, что совершила ошибку;
- I have nothing to * myself for мне не в чем себя упрекнуть;
- she *d it on him она считала его виновным в этом относить за счет чего-л;
- the fire can be *d on a short circuit пожар произошел от короткого замыкания > bad workers often * their tools (пословица) у худого пильщика пила виновата;
плохому танцору ноги мешают~ ответственность;
to bear the blame, to take the blame upon oneself принять на себя вину;
to lay the blame (on (или upon) smb.), to lay the blame (at smb.) 's door возложить вину (на кого-л.)blame вина ~ ответственность;
to bear the blame, to take the blame upon oneself принять на себя вину;
to lay the blame (on (или upon) smb.), to lay the blame (at smb.) 's door возложить вину (на кого-л.) ~ ответственность ~ порицание;
упрек ~ порицание ~ порицать;
считать виновным;
he is to blame for it он виноват в этом;
she blamed it on him она считала его виновным (в этом) ~ считать виновным~ порицать;
считать виновным;
he is to blame for it он виноват в этом;
she blamed it on him она считала его виновным (в этом)~ ответственность;
to bear the blame, to take the blame upon oneself принять на себя вину;
to lay the blame (on (или upon) smb.), to lay the blame (at smb.) 's door возложить вину (на кого-л.)~ ответственность;
to bear the blame, to take the blame upon oneself принять на себя вину;
to lay the blame (on (или upon) smb.), to lay the blame (at smb.) 's door возложить вину (на кого-л.)~ порицать;
считать виновным;
he is to blame for it он виноват в этом;
she blamed it on him она считала его виновным (в этом)to shift the ~ (on smb.) свалить вину (на кого-л.)~ ответственность;
to bear the blame, to take the blame upon oneself принять на себя вину;
to lay the blame (on (или upon) smb.), to lay the blame (at smb.) 's door возложить вину (на кого-л.) -
5 Logic
My initial step... was to attempt to reduce the concept of ordering in a sequence to that of logical consequence, so as to proceed from there to the concept of number. To prevent anything intuitive from penetrating here unnoticed, I had to bend every effort to keep the chain of inference free of gaps. In attempting to comply with this requirement in the strictest possible way, I found the inadequacy of language to be an obstacle. (Frege, 1972, p. 104)I believe I can make the relation of my 'conceptual notation' to ordinary language clearest if I compare it to the relation of the microscope to the eye. The latter, because of the range of its applicability and because of the ease with which it can adapt itself to the most varied circumstances, has a great superiority over the microscope. Of course, viewed as an optical instrument it reveals many imperfections, which usually remain unnoticed only because of its intimate connection with mental life. But as soon as scientific purposes place strong requirements upon sharpness of resolution, the eye proves to be inadequate.... Similarly, this 'conceptual notation' is devised for particular scientific purposes; and therefore one may not condemn it because it is useless for other purposes. (Frege, 1972, pp. 104-105)To sum up briefly, it is the business of the logician to conduct an unceasing struggle against psychology and those parts of language and grammar which fail to give untrammeled expression to what is logical. He does not have to answer the question: How does thinking normally take place in human beings? What course does it naturally follow in the human mind? What is natural to one person may well be unnatural to another. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)We are very dependent on external aids in our thinking, and there is no doubt that the language of everyday life-so far, at least, as a certain area of discourse is concerned-had first to be replaced by a more sophisticated instrument, before certain distinctions could be noticed. But so far the academic world has, for the most part, disdained to master this instrument. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)There is no reproach the logician need fear less than the reproach that his way of formulating things is unnatural.... If we were to heed those who object that logic is unnatural, we would run the risk of becoming embroiled in interminable disputes about what is natural, disputes which are quite incapable of being resolved within the province of logic. (Frege, 1979, p. 128)[L]inguists will be forced, internally as it were, to come to grips with the results of modern logic. Indeed, this is apparently already happening to some extent. By "logic" is not meant here recursive function-theory, California model-theory, constructive proof-theory, or even axiomatic settheory. Such areas may or may not be useful for linguistics. Rather under "logic" are included our good old friends, the homely locutions "and," "or," "if-then," "if and only if," "not," "for all x," "for some x," and "is identical with," plus the calculus of individuals, event-logic, syntax, denotational semantics, and... various parts of pragmatics.... It is to these that the linguist can most profitably turn for help. These are his tools. And they are "clean tools," to borrow a phrase of the late J. L. Austin in another context, in fact, the only really clean ones we have, so that we might as well use them as much as we can. But they constitute only what may be called "baby logic." Baby logic is to the linguist what "baby mathematics" (in the phrase of Murray Gell-Mann) is to the theoretical physicist-very elementary but indispensable domains of theory in both cases. (Martin, 1969, pp. 261-262)There appears to be no branch of deductive inference that requires us to assume the existence of a mental logic in order to do justice to the psychological phenomena. To be logical, an individual requires, not formal rules of inference, but a tacit knowledge of the fundamental semantic principle governing any inference; a deduction is valid provided that there is no way of interpreting the premises correctly that is inconsistent with the conclusion. Logic provides a systematic method for searching for such counter-examples. The empirical evidence suggests that ordinary individuals possess no such methods. (Johnson-Laird, quoted in Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 130)The fundamental paradox of logic [that "there is no class (as a totality) of those classes which, each taken as a totality, do not belong to themselves" (Russell to Frege, 16 June 1902, in van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 125)] is with us still, bequeathed by Russell-by way of philosophy, mathematics, and even computer science-to the whole of twentieth-century thought. Twentieth-century philosophy would begin not with a foundation for logic, as Russell had hoped in 1900, but with the discovery in 1901 that no such foundation can be laid. (Everdell, 1997, p. 184)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logic
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6 throw
throw [θrəʊ]lancer ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (e), 2, 3 (a) jeter ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (e) projeter ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (e) plonger ⇒ 1 (d) jet ⇒ 3 (a) coup ⇒ 3 (b) tour ⇒ 3 (b)(a) (stone) lancer, jeter; (ball) lancer; Sport (discus, javelin etc) lancer; (dice) jeter; (coal onto fire) mettre;∎ throw me the ball, throw the ball to me lance-moi le ballon;∎ he threw the ball over the wall il a lancé ou envoyé le ballon par-dessus le mur;∎ a bomb was thrown into the crowded waiting room une bombe a été lancée dans la salle d'attente bondée;∎ could you throw me my lighter? peux-tu me lancer mon briquet?;∎ she threw the serviette into the bin elle a jeté la serviette à la poubelle;∎ children were throwing bread to the birds les enfants jetaient ou lançaient du pain aux oiseaux;∎ he threw his jacket over a chair il a jeté sa veste sur une chaise;∎ to throw a sheet over sth couvrir qch d'un drap;∎ she threw a few clothes into a suitcase elle a jeté quelques affaires dans une valise;∎ I threw some cold water on my face je me suis aspergé la figure avec de l'eau froide;∎ a group of rioters threw stones at the police/the car un groupe de manifestants a lancé ou jeté des pierres sur les policiers/la voiture;∎ he threw two sixes (with dice) il a jeté deux six;∎ to throw sb into prison or jail jeter qn en prison;∎ to throw sb to the lions jeter qn aux lions; figurative jeter qn en pâture(b) (opponent, rider) jeter (par ou à terre);∎ his opponent threw him to the ground (in fight) son adversaire l'a jeté à terre; (in wrestling match) son adversaire l'a envoyé au sol ou au tapis;∎ the horse threw him le cheval le désarçonna ou le jeta à terre(c) (with force, violence) projeter;∎ she was thrown clear (in car accident) elle a été éjectée;∎ the force of the explosion threw them against the wall la force de l'explosion les a projetés contre le mur;∎ to throw open ouvrir en grand ou tout grand;∎ she threw open the door/windows elle a ouvert la porte/les fenêtres en grand;∎ figurative the House of Commons has been thrown open to the television cameras la Chambre des communes a été ouverte aux caméras de télévision;∎ she threw herself into an armchair elle s'est jetée dans un fauteuil;∎ he threw himself at her feet il s'est jeté à ses pieds;∎ she threw herself at him (attacked) elle s'est jetée ou s'est ruée sur lui; (as lover) elle s'est jetée sur lui ou à sa tête;∎ figurative he threw himself on the mercy of the king il s'en est remis au bon vouloir du roi∎ the news threw them into confusion/a panic les nouvelles les ont plongés dans l'embarras/les ont affolés;∎ the scandal has thrown the country into confusion le scandale a semé la confusion dans le pays;∎ to throw oneself into one's work se plonger dans son travail;∎ she threw herself into the job of organizing the wedding elle s'est plongée avec enthousiasme dans l'organisation des noces(e) (direct, aim → look, glance) jeter, lancer; (→ accusation, reproach) lancer, envoyer; (→ punch) lancer, porter; (cast → light, shadows) projeter;∎ to throw sb a kiss envoyer un baiser à qn;∎ to throw a question at sb poser une question à brûle-pourpoint à qn;∎ don't throw that one at me!, don't throw that in my face! ne me faites pas ce reproche!, ne me jetez pas ça à la figure!;∎ Theatre to throw one's voice projeter sa voix;∎ Building industry to throw a bridge over a river jeter un pont sur une rivière∎ that question really threw me! cette question m'a vraiment désarçonné!, je ne savais vraiment pas quoi répondre à cette question!;∎ I was completely thrown for a few seconds je suis resté tout interdit pendant quelques secondes(g) (activate → switch, lever, clutch) actionner∎ to throw a pot (potter) tourner un vase∎ to throw a litter mettre bas∎ she can throw a hundred metres elle est capable de lancer à cent mètres;∎ I can't throw straight je n'arrive pas à lancer droit3 noun∎ his whole fortune depended on a single throw of the dice toute sa fortune dépendait d'un seul coup de dés;∎ it's your throw c'est ton tour, (c'est) à toi;∎ Sport a free throw un lancer franc;∎ that was a good throw! vous avez bien visé!∎ 10p a throw 10 pence le coup;∎ at £20 a throw I can't afford it à 20 livres chaque fois, je ne peux pas me l'offrir□ ;∎ give me another throw laissez-moi encore une chance□►► American throw pillow coussin m∎ the boys were throwing a ball about les garçons jouaient à la balle;∎ don't throw your books/toys about like that ne lance pas tes livres/jouets comme ça;∎ to throw one's money about gaspiller son argent;∎ to be thrown about être ballotté∎ to throw oneself about s'agiter, se débattre;∎ she was throwing her arms about wildly elle agitait frénétiquement les bras(unwanted object) rejeter, laisser de côté; (friend, work) laisser tomber, laisser de côté; (idea, suggestion) rejeter, repousser; (prejudices, fears, hatred etc) se débarrasser de(a) (old clothes, rubbish) jeter(b) figurative (waste → advantage, opportunity, talents) gaspiller, gâcher; (→ affection, friendship) perdre;∎ don't throw your money away on expensive toys ne gaspille pas ton argent à acheter des jouets coûteux;∎ you're throwing away your only chance of happiness vous êtes en train de gâcher votre seule chance de bonheur;∎ his presents are just thrown away on her elle ne sait pas apprécier les cadeaux qu'il lui fait;∎ don't throw yourself away on a waster like him ne gâche pas ta vie pour un bon à rien pareil(in cards) se défausser(a) (gen) relancer, renvoyer; (fish) rejeter (à l'eau); figurative (image, light) réfléchir, renvoyer; (heat) réverbérer;∎ she threw his words of love back at him elle lui a jeté tous ses mots d'amour à la tête;∎ figurative to throw sth back in sb's face jeter qch à la figure de qn∎ we were thrown back on our own resources on a dû se rabattre sur nos propres ressources(a) (to lower level) jeter;∎ can you throw the towel down to me? pouvez-vous me lancer la serviette?;∎ she threw her bag down on the floor elle a jeté son sac par terre;∎ to throw oneself down on the ground/on one's knees se jeter par terre/à genoux;∎ he threw his cards down on the table il a jeté ses cartes sur la table;∎ I threw the money down on the counter j'ai jeté l'argent sur le comptoir∎ they threw down their arms ils ont déposé les armes∎ it's throwing it down (raining) il pleut à verse□, il tombe des cordes➲ throw in∎ also figurative to throw in the towel jeter l'éponge;∎ also figurative to throw in one's hand abandonner la partie(b) (interject → remark, suggestion) placer;∎ she threw in a few comments about housing problems elle a placé quelques remarques sur les problèmes de logement∎ breakfast is thrown in le petit déjeuner est compris;∎ the salesman said he'd throw in a free door if we bought new windows le vendeur nous a promis une porte gratuite pour l'achat de fenêtres neuves;∎ with a special trip to Stockholm thrown in avec en prime une excursion à Stockholm∎ American to throw in with sb s'associer à ou avec qn∎ he threw off his shirt and dived into the water il enleva sa chemise et plongea dans l'eau(b) (get rid of → habit, inhibition) se défaire de, se débarrasser de; (→ burden) se libérer de, se débarrasser de; (→ cold, infection) se débarrasser de(c) (elude → pursuer) perdre, semer;∎ he managed to throw the dogs off the trail il a réussi à dépister les chiens(d) (write hastily → poem etc) composer au pied levé(clothes) enfiler ou passer (à la hâte);∎ she threw on some make-up/an old coat elle s'est maquillée/a enfilé un vieux manteau à la hâte(a) (rubbish, unwanted items) jeter, mettre au rebut(b) (eject → from building) mettre à la porte, jeter dehors; (→ from night club) jeter dehors, vider; (evict → from accommodation) expulser; (expel → from school, army) renvoyer, expulser;∎ we were thrown out of our jobs on s'est fait mettre à la porte;∎ the takeover will throw a lot of people out of work le rachat va mettre beaucoup de monde au chômage(c) (reject → bill, proposal) rejeter, repousser(d) (extend → arms, leg) tendre, étendre;∎ to throw out one's chest bomber le torse(e) (make → remark, suggestion) émettre, laisser tomber;∎ to throw out a challenge lancer un défi∎ she threw me over for another guy elle m'a laissé tomber pour un autre∎ he managed to throw a meal together il a réussi à improviser un repas□ ;∎ the film looks as if it's been thrown together le film semble bâclé;∎ she threw the report together the night before elle a rédigé le rapport en vitesse la veille au soir□∎ she threw a few things together and rang for a taxi elle a jeté quelques affaires dans un sac et a appelé un taxi(c) (by accident) réunir par hasard;∎ Fate had thrown them together le destin les avait réunis➲ throw up(a) (above one's head) jeter ou lancer en l'air;∎ can you throw me up my towel? peux-tu me lancer ma serviette?;∎ they threw their hats up into the air ils ont lancé leur chapeau en l'air;∎ she threw up her hands in horror elle a levé les bras en signe d'horreur(b) (produce → problem) produire, créer; (→ evidence) mettre à jour; (→ dust, dirt) soulever; (→ artist) produire;∎ the discussion threw up some new ideas la discussion a amené de nouvelles idées(c) (abandon → career, studies) abandonner, laisser tomber; (→ chance, opportunity) laisser passer, gaspillerfamiliar vomir□, rendre;∎ it makes you want to throw up c'est à vomir
См. также в других словарях:
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